Viagra
What is VIAGRA?
VIAGRA,
an oral therapy for erectile dysfunction (ED), is the citrate salt of
sildenafil, a selective inhibitor of cGMP-specific, phosphodiesterase
type 5 (PDE5).
Is VIAGRA right for me?
While
VIAGRA isn't for everybody (patients on nitrates should never receive
VIAGRA), it can help improve erectile function in most patients with
ED. VIAGRA works in a broad range of men with ED and was effective regardless
of baseline severity, etiology, race, or age. In clinical trials, patients
who were less impaired at baseline had the highest end-of-treatment
scores; patients who are more severly impaired have the greatest degree
of improvement.
How Does it Work?
Sexual stimulation leads to release of nitric oxide in the corpus
cavernosum. Guanylate cyclase-an enzyme- is activated, stimulating
the formation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)
-
Increased levels of cGMP promote corporal smooth muscle relaxation
and increased blood flow to the penis, which leads to erection.
-
VIAGRA is a selective inhibitor of cGMP phosphodesterase type 5 (PDE-5)-which
is largely responsible for the breakdown of cGMP in corpus cavernosum
tissue and has an important role in mediating erectile function.
-
By selectively inhibiting PDE-5, VIAGRA encourages the cGMP concentration
necessary to achieve and maintain erections in response to sexual
stimulation.
-
VIAGRA has no direct muscle relaxant effect on corpus cavernosum
tissue in the absence of nitric oxide/cGMP pathway activation, so
it helps produce erections only when sexual stimulation is present.
-
The nitric oxide/cGMP-dependent mechanism of action of VIAGRA has
been demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo.
How well does it work?
In clinical studies, VIAGRA improved intercourse success, with a group
mean success rate of 66% on drug versus 20% on placebo. Further, patients
on VIAGRA had successful intercourse 1.3 times per week, compared with
only 0.4 times per week on placebo, on a per patient basis.
What doesn't VIAGRA do?
-
VIAGRA does not cure erectile dysfunction. It is a treatment for erectile
dysfunction.
-
VIAGRA does not protect you or your partner from getting sexually
transmitted diseases, including HIV-the virus that causes AIDS.
-
VIAGRA is not a hormone of an aphrodisiac.
What side effects might I expect?
In clinical trials, the most common adverse events were headache (16%),
flushing (10%), and dyspepsia (7%). The majority of these were mild to
moderate and transient. There were no serious adverse events attributed
to study drug by investigators in clinical trials. Additionally, about
3% of patients reported mild and transient visual effects-predominately
color tinge, but also increased light sensitivity or blurred vision-a
pharmacologic response thought to be related to sildenafil's weak inhibition
of PDE6, an enzyme found in the retina. Only one patient discontinued
due to visual effects in clinical trials.
What
other VIAGRA safety information should I be aware of?
VIAGRA
is contraindicated in patients who take concurrent organic nitrates.
Consistent with its known effects on the nitric oxide/cGMP pathway,
VIAGRA was shown to potentiate the hypotensive effects of nitrates.
The combination of these drugs can lead to a precipitous lowering of
blood pressure to unsafe levels, so VIAGRA should not b prescribed to
patients who may have access to nitrates in any form, at any time ,
for any reason.
Will VIAGRA still work overtime?
VIAGRA is effective and well tolerated over the long term, based on a
1-year study. In all studies, VIAGRA had a discontinuation rate due
to adverse events that was similar to placebo (2.5 % versus 2.3% respectively).
How widely used is VIAGRA?
More than 3000 patients were involved in clinical trials for the drug,
with more than 550 on VIAGRA for longer that a year. Since its approval
by the FDA on March 27 of 1999, more than a million prescriptions for
the drug have been filled in the United States.
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